to cause to run

רְהַטch. sam(רהטhurried, running), to run, be swift. Targ. Job 9:25 (of a bird). Targ. Gen. 18:7. Targ. 2 Sam. 18:23; a. fr.M. Kat. 9b רָהֲטָא, v. טַבְלָא I. Erub.51a top והוא דכי רָהֵיטוכ׳ provided he may reach the root of the tree (before the Sabbath begins) by running. Ber.6b מצוה למִרְהַט it is right to run. Ib. אנא נמי רְהִיטְנָא I run likewise. Sabb.94a רהיט תלתאוכ׳ he ran three parasangs on foot. Ib. 32a ועיזי רְהִיטָן (not ריהטן) the goats run, v. חִגְּרָא; Yalk. Gen. 31 רְהִיטֵי. Y.Shek.V, end, 49b רגלייא דלא רָהֲטָןוכ׳ may the (my) feet that failed to run to give alms, be broken; a. fr. Af. אַרְהֵיט to cause to run, hasten. Targ. O. Gen. 41:14.

רְהַטch. sam(רהטhurried, running), to run, be swift. Targ. Job 9:25 (of a bird). Targ. Gen. 18:7. Targ. 2 Sam. 18:23; a. fr.M. Kat. 9b רָהֲטָא, v. טַבְלָא I. Erub.51a top והוא דכי רָהֵיטוכ׳ provided he may reach the root of the tree (before the Sabbath begins) by running. Ber.6b מצוה למִרְהַט it is right to run. Ib. אנא נמי רְהִיטְנָא I run likewise. Sabb.94a רהיט תלתאוכ׳ he ran three parasangs on foot. Ib. 32a ועיזי רְהִיטָן (not ריהטן) the goats run, v. חִגְּרָא; Yalk. Gen. 31 רְהִיטֵי. Y.Shek.V, end, 49b רגלייא דלא רָהֲטָןוכ׳ may the (my) feet that failed to run to give alms, be broken; a. fr. Af. אַרְהֵיט to cause to run, hasten. Targ. O. Gen. 41:14.

רְגַלch. sam(רגלto move on, run), to move, run. Part. רָגֵיל. Bekh.11a, v. רִגְיָא.Part. pass. רָגִיל used, q. v.Sabb.119a דר׳ דזבן who is wont to buy (fish for the Sabbath). Ib. bot. אי רְגִילִיתוּוכ׳ if you are accustomed to, v. קְדַם; a. e. Pa. רַגֵּל to cause to run. Y.Ab. Zar. V, 45a אהו דמְרַגֵּל זיקאוכ׳ he that makes the jet of wine run from above downward. Af. אַרְגֵּיל to lead; to accustom. Yeb.85b היא מַרְגְּלָא ליה she leads (persuades) him, v. Preced.Part. pass. מַרְגַּל; f. מַרְגְּלָא, v. מַרְגְּלָא I. Ithpa. אִתְרַגֵּל, אִירַגֵּל to accustome ones self, make it a habit. Ned.66b כי היכי דלא לִתְרַגְּלֵי למנדר (Rashi לִירַגְּלֵי) that they may not make it a habit to vow.

רְגַלch. sam(רגלto move on, run), to move, run. Part. רָגֵיל. Bekh.11a, v. רִגְיָא.Part. pass. רָגִיל used, q. v.Sabb.119a דר׳ דזבן who is wont to buy (fish for the Sabbath). Ib. bot. אי רְגִילִיתוּוכ׳ if you are accustomed to, v. קְדַם; a. e. Pa. רַגֵּל to cause to run. Y.Ab. Zar. V, 45a אהו דמְרַגֵּל זיקאוכ׳ he that makes the jet of wine run from above downward. Af. אַרְגֵּיל to lead; to accustom. Yeb.85b היא מַרְגְּלָא ליה she leads (persuades) him, v. Preced.Part. pass. מַרְגַּל; f. מַרְגְּלָא, v. מַרְגְּלָא I. Ithpa. אִתְרַגֵּל, אִירַגֵּל to accustome ones self, make it a habit. Ned.66b כי היכי דלא לִתְרַגְּלֵי למנדר (Rashi לִירַגְּלֵי) that they may not make it a habit to vow.

שְׁגַרI ch. sam(שגרfluent, spoken without hesitation), 1) to run, flow. Targ. Jer. 13:17 (ed. Wil. ותְשַׁגֵּד Pa., shed). Ib. 9:17 (ed. Wil. Pa.). 2) to drag. Ḥull.51a דהוו שָׁגְרָןוכ׳ Tosaf. (ed. שדרן) they dragged their hind legs. Pa. שַׁגַּר 1) to cause to run, shed tears. Targ. Jer. l. c., v. supra. 2) to send. Targ. Y. Ex. 23:20. 3) to cast; (of beasts) to give birth. Ib. 13:12 דמְשַׁגְּרָא (not דמִשַׁ׳). Targ. Jer. 22:19.Part. pass. מְשַׁגַּד; f. מְשַׁגְּרָא; pl. מְשַׁגְּרָן. Ib. 7:33; 36:30. Targ. Deut. 28:26. Targ. Is. 5:25, a. e. Af. אַשְׁגַּר 1) (neut. verb.) to run over. Y.Sabb.VIII, 9b bot. אַשְׁגְּרַת עיינה דד׳וכ׳ R. Aḥas eye ran over the whole Torah, and he did not find (that the word מלאכה appeared 39 times). 2) to cast an eye. Y.Kil.IX, 32b bot.; Y.Keth.XII, 35a bot. בהיא שעתא אַשְׁגְרִית עינייוכ׳ (not עינוי) at that moment I let my eyes run (reviewed in my mind) the whole, v. תְּהִלָּה. 3) to improvise, change the established form of a prayer. Y.Ber.V, 9c א׳ חד ברכה (read חדא) he changed one section of the Benedictions. Ib. א׳ מכניע זדים בסופה he changed the benediction which closes with makhniʿa zedim (the twelfth section) at the end of it.

שְׁגַרI ch. sam(שגרfluent, spoken without hesitation), 1) to run, flow. Targ. Jer. 13:17 (ed. Wil. ותְשַׁגֵּד Pa., shed). Ib. 9:17 (ed. Wil. Pa.). 2) to drag. Ḥull.51a דהוו שָׁגְרָןוכ׳ Tosaf. (ed. שדרן) they dragged their hind legs. Pa. שַׁגַּר 1) to cause to run, shed tears. Targ. Jer. l. c., v. supra. 2) to send. Targ. Y. Ex. 23:20. 3) to cast; (of beasts) to give birth. Ib. 13:12 דמְשַׁגְּרָא (not דמִשַׁ׳). Targ. Jer. 22:19.Part. pass. מְשַׁגַּד; f. מְשַׁגְּרָא; pl. מְשַׁגְּרָן. Ib. 7:33; 36:30. Targ. Deut. 28:26. Targ. Is. 5:25, a. e. Af. אַשְׁגַּר 1) (neut. verb.) to run over. Y.Sabb.VIII, 9b bot. אַשְׁגְּרַת עיינה דד׳וכ׳ R. Aḥas eye ran over the whole Torah, and he did not find (that the word מלאכה appeared 39 times). 2) to cast an eye. Y.Kil.IX, 32b bot.; Y.Keth.XII, 35a bot. בהיא שעתא אַשְׁגְרִית עינייוכ׳ (not עינוי) at that moment I let my eyes run (reviewed in my mind) the whole, v. תְּהִלָּה. 3) to improvise, change the established form of a prayer. Y.Ber.V, 9c א׳ חד ברכה (read חדא) he changed one section of the Benedictions. Ib. א׳ מכניע זדים בסופה he changed the benediction which closes with makhniʿa zedim (the twelfth section) at the end of it.

טוּףch. = h. צוּף, 1) ( to shine, to come to the surface, float, bubble up. Part. טָאֵיף, טָיֵיף. Targ. Y. Deut. 21:1. Targ. Y. Gen. 28:10; a. e.Koh. R. to V, 8 (mixed diction) וטָפַת בארה שלוכ׳ Miriams well came up.Ab. II, 6; Succ.53a, v. infra.Y.Shebi.IX, 38d; Pesik. Bshall. p. 89b> הוה טָיֵיף the corpse came up to the surface. Gen. R. s. 81 (in Hebr. dict.) וטָפַת רוחיוכ׳ and my mind in me was swimming (I became proud, v. טָפַח); a. fr. 2) (denom. of טיף) to drip; to be inundated. Targ. O. Gen. 49:12; a. e.Keth.111b חלבא טייףוכ׳ milk was dripping Y.Taan.III, end, 67a הוה עלמא ט׳ the world would have been flooded. Gen. R. s. 32; Yalk. ib. 57 דלא טףוכ׳ it (the mount Gerizim) was not flooded by the waters of the flood; a. e.Targ. Y. Deut. 21:23 תטופון, v. טְנַף a. נְטַף. Pa. טַיֵּיף, טָאֵף 1) to direct the overflow, to assign channels. Targ. Job 38:24, v. טְיָפָא.Gitt.69b top ונִיטַּיְיפֵיהוכ׳ and let it (the milk) run over 2) to cause to glisten, to turn in all directions. Keth.60b מְטַיְּפֵי עינא Ar. (ed. מציצי, v. infra) with restless eyes. 3) to cause to float, v. infra. Af. אָטֵיף, אַטֵּיף (fr. נְטַף 1) to make flow. Targ. Deut. 11:4.(Keth. l. c. מְטִיפֵי עינא Ar. s. v. טף I ‘with dripping eyes, v. supra. 2) to cause to float. Ab. II, 6 על דאֲטֵפְתְּ אֲטִיפוּךְ וסוף מְטִיפָיךְ יְטוּפוּן ed. Strack (oth. eds. אַטְפוּךְ. Strack reads מְטַיְפָיךְ Pa.; oth. pointed eds. מְטיְּפָיִךְ h. form) because thou (the person whose skull was seen to float) hast caused (a corpse) to float, they made thee float, and those who made thee float, shall also float. Ithpa. אִיטַּיֵּיף to be glittering, to be turned in all directions. B. Kam.92b; Meg.14b ועיניה מִטַּיְּיפֵי and its eyes look all around (for food).

טוּףch. = h. צוּף, 1) ( to shine, to come to the surface, float, bubble up. Part. טָאֵיף, טָיֵיף. Targ. Y. Deut. 21:1. Targ. Y. Gen. 28:10; a. e.Koh. R. to V, 8 (mixed diction) וטָפַת בארה שלוכ׳ Miriams well came up.Ab. II, 6; Succ.53a, v. infra.Y.Shebi.IX, 38d; Pesik. Bshall. p. 89b> הוה טָיֵיף the corpse came up to the surface. Gen. R. s. 81 (in Hebr. dict.) וטָפַת רוחיוכ׳ and my mind in me was swimming (I became proud, v. טָפַח); a. fr. 2) (denom. of טיף) to drip; to be inundated. Targ. O. Gen. 49:12; a. e.Keth.111b חלבא טייףוכ׳ milk was dripping Y.Taan.III, end, 67a הוה עלמא ט׳ the world would have been flooded. Gen. R. s. 32; Yalk. ib. 57 דלא טףוכ׳ it (the mount Gerizim) was not flooded by the waters of the flood; a. e.Targ. Y. Deut. 21:23 תטופון, v. טְנַף a. נְטַף. Pa. טַיֵּיף, טָאֵף 1) to direct the overflow, to assign channels. Targ. Job 38:24, v. טְיָפָא.Gitt.69b top ונִיטַּיְיפֵיהוכ׳ and let it (the milk) run over 2) to cause to glisten, to turn in all directions. Keth.60b מְטַיְּפֵי עינא Ar. (ed. מציצי, v. infra) with restless eyes. 3) to cause to float, v. infra. Af. אָטֵיף, אַטֵּיף (fr. נְטַף 1) to make flow. Targ. Deut. 11:4.(Keth. l. c. מְטִיפֵי עינא Ar. s. v. טף I ‘with dripping eyes, v. supra. 2) to cause to float. Ab. II, 6 על דאֲטֵפְתְּ אֲטִיפוּךְ וסוף מְטִיפָיךְ יְטוּפוּן ed. Strack (oth. eds. אַטְפוּךְ. Strack reads מְטַיְפָיךְ Pa.; oth. pointed eds. מְטיְּפָיִךְ h. form) because thou (the person whose skull was seen to float) hast caused (a corpse) to float, they made thee float, and those who made thee float, shall also float. Ithpa. אִיטַּיֵּיף to be glittering, to be turned in all directions. B. Kam.92b; Meg.14b ועיניה מִטַּיְּיפֵי and its eyes look all around (for food).

עָבַר(b. h.) 1) to be thick, swell; to run over. Par. VI, 4 כדי שיַעַבְרוּ המיםוכ׳ that the water may overflow into a vessel; a. e.Ex. R. s. 15 שאני עוֹבֵר, v. עֶבְרָה. 2) (cmp. סְגֵי I a. II) to pass, to cross. Tosef.Sot.VIII, 1; Sot.33b כיצד עָבְרוּ ישראל אתוכ׳ in what manner did the Israelites cross the Jordan? Cant. R. to V, 13 עוֹבֵר הוא וחוזרוכ׳ he goes over his studies once and again ; a. fr.ע׳ את הדין to cross the line of justice, to be too severe. Midd. II, 2 כאילו עברו עליווכ׳ as if they had treated him too severely (arbitrarily). Ex. R. s. 30 כשם שאני יכול לַעֲבוֹר … ואני איני מַעֲבִירוכ׳ as I (the Lord) have power to treat the nations with rigor, but refrain from doing so, so shall you not go beyond the line of justice. Ib. עִיבְּרָה את הדין (Pi.); a. e. 3) (with על) to pass over (a sin); to forgive. Cant. R. to V, 5 (play on מור עובר, ib.) מר עובר ע׳ על מררי the bitterness passes away, he (the Lord) passes over my bitterness (sin). R. Hash. 17a (ref. To Mic. 7:18) למי נושא עון למי שעובר על פשע whose iniquity does he pardon? the iniquity of him who forgives (his neighbors) transgression; a. e. 4) to transgress, sin. Yoma 86b, a. e. כיון שע׳ אדם עבירה ושנהוכ׳ as soon as a man has committed a sin and repeated it, it becomes to him a permitted act. Ib. a, a. e. ע׳ על עשה when one has transgressed a positive law (committed a sin of omission). Ib. ע׳ על כריתותוכ׳ when one has committed sins punishable with extinction or death by a court. Erub.100a, a. fr. עובר על בלוכ׳, v. בַּל. Keth.VII, 6 העוֹבֶרֶת על דתוכ׳ if a wife offends against Mosaic or Jewish customs, v. דַּת; Y. ib. VII, 31c top נשים המְעַבְּרוֹת על הדת (Pi.); a. v. fr. 5) to pass, overtake, precede. Pes.7b כל המצות מברך עליהן עובר לעשייתן in the performance of all religious ceremonies one must say the benediction over them before doing them; מאי משמע דהאי עובר לישנא דאקדומי היא what evidence is there that this ‘ober has the meaning of precedence? Answ. by ref. to ויעבר (2 Sam. 18:23) ‘and he arrived before the Cushite. 6) to pass by, go away, be removed. Pes.III, 1 אלו עוֹבְרִין בפסח the following things must pass away (their use must be suspended) during Passover. Bets.26a, a. fr. מום עובר a transitory blemish, opp. קבוע. Ber.26a ע׳ יומו בטל קרבנו when its day is passed, the sacrifice of the day is void. Pes.II, 2 חמץ … שע׳ עליו הפסח leavened matter … over which Passover has passed (which had been in the house during Passover). Ber.IX, 3 הצועק לַשֶּׁעָבַרוכ׳ praying for what is passed (decided) is a vain prayer, e. g. if ones wife is with child, and one prays, may it be the will of God that my wife bear a male child; Y.Taan.II, 65c bot. נותן הודייה לשעבר וצועקוכ׳ one gives thanks for what is passed, and prays for what is to come. Gitt.VII, 7 כל זמן שאֱעֶבוֹר מכנגד פניךוכ׳ as soon as I shall have been out of thy sight for thirty days; Tosef. ib. VII (V), 10. Keth.17a ע׳ מלפני כלה he passed aside to make room for a bridal procession. Yoma 66a, a. e. חטאת שעָבְרָה שנתה a sin-offering whose year is passed (that is older than one year); Tem.22a שעִיבְּרָה שנתה (Pi.) whose year is completed (v. infra). Ib. 21b בכור שעברה שנתו a first-born animal older than one year; R. Hash. 5b; Zeb.29a bot. שעיברה; Tosef.Snh.III, 6 בכור שעיברה זמנו ed. Zuck. (read with Var.: שעבר). Keth.87a על שֶׁעָ׳ as regards the past, v. עָתִיד; a. v. fr.לַשֶּׁעָ׳ in former days. Gen. R. s. 47, opp. עַכְשָׁיו; a. fr. Hif. חֶעֱבִיר 1) to lead past, stroke gently. Tosef.Sabb.VII (VIII), 23 (read:) מַעֲבִירִין על גבי העין בשבת you are permitted to stroke a sore eye on the Sabbath; Y. ib. XIV, 14c bot. מעבירין על העין. Ib. הֶעֱבִירוּ עליו כלים they passed garments over it. 2) to cause to pass; to remove, displace. Keth.17a מַעֲבִירִין את המת מלפני כלהוכ׳ a funeral procession is made to make way for a bridal procession, and both of them for the king, v. supra. Gitt.57b שאין אנו מעבירין אותו באל אחר that we shall never displace him for another god; שאין מַעֲבִיר אותנווכ׳ that he will never displace us for another nation. Ex. R. s. 30 כאילו היא מעביר איקיניןוכ׳ as if he removed (defaced) the kings portrait; a. fr. 3) to go beyond. Ib. איני מעבירוכ׳, v. supra. Ib. הבריות מעבירין על הדיןוכ׳ men go beyond the line of justice (are treacherous, cruel), and they are punished; a. e. 4) to skip over; to forego, postpone.ה׳ על מדותיו, v. מִדָּה.Yoma 33a; 58b, a. fr. אין מעבירין על המצות you must not forego the occasion for performing a religious act. Erub.64b אין מעבירין על האוכלין you must not pass by eatables (and let them lie in the street); B. Mets.23a; a. fr. 5) to forego, overlook, pardon. R. Hash. 17a (ref. to Mic. 7:18) מעביר ראשון ראשין וכך היא המדה (Ms. M. על ראשוןוכ׳; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) he pardons one sin after the other (before they are put on the scale), and such is the divine dealing. Ib. מעבירין לו על כל פשעיו all his transgressions are pardoned; a. fr. 6) to cause to forego or disregard. Erub.41b שלשה דברים מעבירין … עלוכ׳ three things make a man disregard his own sense (of right) and the sense of his Maker; a. e. Pi. עִיבֵּר 1) to be completed, full. Tem.22a, a. e., v. supra. 2) to transgress repeatedly. Y.Keth.VII, 31c top, v. supra. 3) to go beyond. Ex. R. l. c. עיברה את הדין, v. supra. Tosef.B. Kam. VI, 22 שעיברה הדליקה עד, read with Y. ib. VII, 5c. שעברה … את. 4) (v. עוּבָּר) to carry, be with young. Kidd.31b כי עִבַּרְתּוֹ אמווכ׳ while his mother was pregnant with him, his father died. Tosef.B. Kam. X, 1 ועִיבְּרָה אצלו (B. Kam.IX, 1 ונִתְעַבְּרָה) and the cow became pregnant while she was in his possession. Ḥull.58a; a. fr.Part. pass. f. מְעוּבֶּרֶת; pl. מְעוּבָּרוֹת pregnant. Yeb.XVI, 1. Ib. 36b, a. e. מע׳ חבירו a woman who is with child of another man (divorced or widowed during pregnancy). Gen. R. s. 85 מלכים אני מע׳ גיאלים אני מע׳ I am pregnant with kings, with redeemers (kings and redeemers are destined to be of my offspring). Yeb.III, 10; a. fr. 4) (v. עִיבּוּר) to extend the city limits, for the purpose of defining Sabbath distances, in cases of buildings projecting beyond the city lines (outskirts). Erub.V, 1 כיצד מְעַבְּרִיןוכ׳ (v. אָבַר), defined ib. 53a; Y. ib. V, beg.22b; Y.Ber.VII, 12c top כאשה עוברה like a pregnant woman; Tosef. ib. VI (V), 1; a. e. 6) to complement, add to, esp. to intercalate a month, (second Adar); proclaim a leap year; to complement a month (v. מָלֵא) by assigning to it an additional day (thirty days). Tosef.Snh.II, 1 שנים אומרים צריכה לְעַבֵּר if two judges say, it is necessary to intercalate a month. Ib. 2 על שלשה סימנים מעבריןוכ׳ on three indications the intercalation is decided; על שנים מעבריןוכ׳ when two of them exist, the intercalation is decreed. Ib. ואם עִיבְּרוּהָ הרי זו מעוברת but if they proclaimed it a leap-year, it remains a leap-year; a. fr.Part. pass. מְעוּבָּר; f. מְעוּבֶּרֶת. R. Hash. 19b אלול מע׳ an Elul of thirty days. Snh.11b אינה מע׳ the year is not a leap-year (the declared intercalation is invalid); a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְעַבֵּר, Nithpa. נִתְעַבֵּר 1) to swell (with anger), to become wroth. Sifré Num. 135 (expl. ויתעבר, Deut. 3:26) כאדם שאומר נ׳ בי פלוני נתמלאוכ׳ as a man says, that man (became full) got wroth with me, meaning, he was filled with wrath against me; Yalk. Deut. 818; Sifré Deut. 29 כאשה שאינה יכולה לשוח מפני עוברה ( swelled,) like a woman that cannot bend down on account of the child she is pregnant with; v. עֶבְרָה. 2) to become pregnant. Gen. R. s. 45 מביאה … נִתְעַבְּרָה she conceived on her first intercourse; אין אשה מִתְעַבֶּרֶתוכ׳ no woman conceives on ; Yeb.34a. Ib. b כדי שלא תִתְעַבֵּרוכ׳ that she may not become with child, and her beauty, v. כָּחַש. B. Kam.IX, 1 ונתעברה אצלו, v. supra; a. fr. 3) to be extended, to be consolidated into one township. Y.Erub.V, 22b bot. יכול אני … בית מעון מתעברתוכ׳ I can cause Beth Ma‘on and Tiberias to be considered one township (as regards Sabbath distances). 4) to be added to, to be proclaimed a full month (of thirty days), a leap-year (of thirteen months). Y.R. Hash. III, beg. 58c ניסן לא נ׳ מימיו Nisan was never made a full month (by decree of the court); Y.Shebi.X, beg.39b; a. e.Snh.12a ראויה … שתִּתְעַבֵּר that year ought to have been a leap-year. B. Mets. נִתְעַבְּרָה השנה נתע׳ לשוכר if the year was made a leap-year, the tenant (that rented by the year) reaps the benefit of the intercalation. R. Hash. 19b; a. fr. Nif. נֶעֱבַר (with עֲבֵרָה) to be committed. Tosef.B. Kam. X, 3 בהמה ונֶעֶבְרָה בה עבירה if one stole a beast, and some sinful act was committed on it (by which it became forbidden for any benefit); (B. Kam.IX, 2, a. fr. נעבדה … עבירה).

עָבַר(b. h.) 1) to be thick, swell; to run over. Par. VI, 4 כדי שיַעַבְרוּ המיםוכ׳ that the water may overflow into a vessel; a. e.Ex. R. s. 15 שאני עוֹבֵר, v. עֶבְרָה. 2) (cmp. סְגֵי I a. II) to pass, to cross. Tosef.Sot.VIII, 1; Sot.33b כיצד עָבְרוּ ישראל אתוכ׳ in what manner did the Israelites cross the Jordan? Cant. R. to V, 13 עוֹבֵר הוא וחוזרוכ׳ he goes over his studies once and again ; a. fr.ע׳ את הדין to cross the line of justice, to be too severe. Midd. II, 2 כאילו עברו עליווכ׳ as if they had treated him too severely (arbitrarily). Ex. R. s. 30 כשם שאני יכול לַעֲבוֹר … ואני איני מַעֲבִירוכ׳ as I (the Lord) have power to treat the nations with rigor, but refrain from doing so, so shall you not go beyond the line of justice. Ib. עִיבְּרָה את הדין (Pi.); a. e. 3) (with על) to pass over (a sin); to forgive. Cant. R. to V, 5 (play on מור עובר, ib.) מר עובר ע׳ על מררי the bitterness passes away, he (the Lord) passes over my bitterness (sin). R. Hash. 17a (ref. To Mic. 7:18) למי נושא עון למי שעובר על פשע whose iniquity does he pardon? the iniquity of him who forgives (his neighbors) transgression; a. e. 4) to transgress, sin. Yoma 86b, a. e. כיון שע׳ אדם עבירה ושנהוכ׳ as soon as a man has committed a sin and repeated it, it becomes to him a permitted act. Ib. a, a. e. ע׳ על עשה when one has transgressed a positive law (committed a sin of omission). Ib. ע׳ על כריתותוכ׳ when one has committed sins punishable with extinction or death by a court. Erub.100a, a. fr. עובר על בלוכ׳, v. בַּל. Keth.VII, 6 העוֹבֶרֶת על דתוכ׳ if a wife offends against Mosaic or Jewish customs, v. דַּת; Y. ib. VII, 31c top נשים המְעַבְּרוֹת על הדת (Pi.); a. v. fr. 5) to pass, overtake, precede. Pes.7b כל המצות מברך עליהן עובר לעשייתן in the performance of all religious ceremonies one must say the benediction over them before doing them; מאי משמע דהאי עובר לישנא דאקדומי היא what evidence is there that this ‘ober has the meaning of precedence? Answ. by ref. to ויעבר (2 Sam. 18:23) ‘and he arrived before the Cushite. 6) to pass by, go away, be removed. Pes.III, 1 אלו עוֹבְרִין בפסח the following things must pass away (their use must be suspended) during Passover. Bets.26a, a. fr. מום עובר a transitory blemish, opp. קבוע. Ber.26a ע׳ יומו בטל קרבנו when its day is passed, the sacrifice of the day is void. Pes.II, 2 חמץ … שע׳ עליו הפסח leavened matter … over which Passover has passed (which had been in the house during Passover). Ber.IX, 3 הצועק לַשֶּׁעָבַרוכ׳ praying for what is passed (decided) is a vain prayer, e. g. if ones wife is with child, and one prays, may it be the will of God that my wife bear a male child; Y.Taan.II, 65c bot. נותן הודייה לשעבר וצועקוכ׳ one gives thanks for what is passed, and prays for what is to come. Gitt.VII, 7 כל זמן שאֱעֶבוֹר מכנגד פניךוכ׳ as soon as I shall have been out of thy sight for thirty days; Tosef. ib. VII (V), 10. Keth.17a ע׳ מלפני כלה he passed aside to make room for a bridal procession. Yoma 66a, a. e. חטאת שעָבְרָה שנתה a sin-offering whose year is passed (that is older than one year); Tem.22a שעִיבְּרָה שנתה (Pi.) whose year is completed (v. infra). Ib. 21b בכור שעברה שנתו a first-born animal older than one year; R. Hash. 5b; Zeb.29a bot. שעיברה; Tosef.Snh.III, 6 בכור שעיברה זמנו ed. Zuck. (read with Var.: שעבר). Keth.87a על שֶׁעָ׳ as regards the past, v. עָתִיד; a. v. fr.לַשֶּׁעָ׳ in former days. Gen. R. s. 47, opp. עַכְשָׁיו; a. fr. Hif. חֶעֱבִיר 1) to lead past, stroke gently. Tosef.Sabb.VII (VIII), 23 (read:) מַעֲבִירִין על גבי העין בשבת you are permitted to stroke a sore eye on the Sabbath; Y. ib. XIV, 14c bot. מעבירין על העין. Ib. הֶעֱבִירוּ עליו כלים they passed garments over it. 2) to cause to pass; to remove, displace. Keth.17a מַעֲבִירִין את המת מלפני כלהוכ׳ a funeral procession is made to make way for a bridal procession, and both of them for the king, v. supra. Gitt.57b שאין אנו מעבירין אותו באל אחר that we shall never displace him for another god; שאין מַעֲבִיר אותנווכ׳ that he will never displace us for another nation. Ex. R. s. 30 כאילו היא מעביר איקיניןוכ׳ as if he removed (defaced) the kings portrait; a. fr. 3) to go beyond. Ib. איני מעבירוכ׳, v. supra. Ib. הבריות מעבירין על הדיןוכ׳ men go beyond the line of justice (are treacherous, cruel), and they are punished; a. e. 4) to skip over; to forego, postpone.ה׳ על מדותיו, v. מִדָּה.Yoma 33a; 58b, a. fr. אין מעבירין על המצות you must not forego the occasion for performing a religious act. Erub.64b אין מעבירין על האוכלין you must not pass by eatables (and let them lie in the street); B. Mets.23a; a. fr. 5) to forego, overlook, pardon. R. Hash. 17a (ref. to Mic. 7:18) מעביר ראשון ראשין וכך היא המדה (Ms. M. על ראשוןוכ׳; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) he pardons one sin after the other (before they are put on the scale), and such is the divine dealing. Ib. מעבירין לו על כל פשעיו all his transgressions are pardoned; a. fr. 6) to cause to forego or disregard. Erub.41b שלשה דברים מעבירין … עלוכ׳ three things make a man disregard his own sense (of right) and the sense of his Maker; a. e. Pi. עִיבֵּר 1) to be completed, full. Tem.22a, a. e., v. supra. 2) to transgress repeatedly. Y.Keth.VII, 31c top, v. supra. 3) to go beyond. Ex. R. l. c. עיברה את הדין, v. supra. Tosef.B. Kam. VI, 22 שעיברה הדליקה עד, read with Y. ib. VII, 5c. שעברה … את. 4) (v. עוּבָּר) to carry, be with young. Kidd.31b כי עִבַּרְתּוֹ אמווכ׳ while his mother was pregnant with him, his father died. Tosef.B. Kam. X, 1 ועִיבְּרָה אצלו (B. Kam.IX, 1 ונִתְעַבְּרָה) and the cow became pregnant while she was in his possession. Ḥull.58a; a. fr.Part. pass. f. מְעוּבֶּרֶת; pl. מְעוּבָּרוֹת pregnant. Yeb.XVI, 1. Ib. 36b, a. e. מע׳ חבירו a woman who is with child of another man (divorced or widowed during pregnancy). Gen. R. s. 85 מלכים אני מע׳ גיאלים אני מע׳ I am pregnant with kings, with redeemers (kings and redeemers are destined to be of my offspring). Yeb.III, 10; a. fr. 4) (v. עִיבּוּר) to extend the city limits, for the purpose of defining Sabbath distances, in cases of buildings projecting beyond the city lines (outskirts). Erub.V, 1 כיצד מְעַבְּרִיןוכ׳ (v. אָבַר), defined ib. 53a; Y. ib. V, beg.22b; Y.Ber.VII, 12c top כאשה עוברה like a pregnant woman; Tosef. ib. VI (V), 1; a. e. 6) to complement, add to, esp. to intercalate a month, (second Adar); proclaim a leap year; to complement a month (v. מָלֵא) by assigning to it an additional day (thirty days). Tosef.Snh.II, 1 שנים אומרים צריכה לְעַבֵּר if two judges say, it is necessary to intercalate a month. Ib. 2 על שלשה סימנים מעבריןוכ׳ on three indications the intercalation is decided; על שנים מעבריןוכ׳ when two of them exist, the intercalation is decreed. Ib. ואם עִיבְּרוּהָ הרי זו מעוברת but if they proclaimed it a leap-year, it remains a leap-year; a. fr.Part. pass. מְעוּבָּר; f. מְעוּבֶּרֶת. R. Hash. 19b אלול מע׳ an Elul of thirty days. Snh.11b אינה מע׳ the year is not a leap-year (the declared intercalation is invalid); a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְעַבֵּר, Nithpa. נִתְעַבֵּר 1) to swell (with anger), to become wroth. Sifré Num. 135 (expl. ויתעבר, Deut. 3:26) כאדם שאומר נ׳ בי פלוני נתמלאוכ׳ as a man says, that man (became full) got wroth with me, meaning, he was filled with wrath against me; Yalk. Deut. 818; Sifré Deut. 29 כאשה שאינה יכולה לשוח מפני עוברה ( swelled,) like a woman that cannot bend down on account of the child she is pregnant with; v. עֶבְרָה. 2) to become pregnant. Gen. R. s. 45 מביאה … נִתְעַבְּרָה she conceived on her first intercourse; אין אשה מִתְעַבֶּרֶתוכ׳ no woman conceives on ; Yeb.34a. Ib. b כדי שלא תִתְעַבֵּרוכ׳ that she may not become with child, and her beauty, v. כָּחַש. B. Kam.IX, 1 ונתעברה אצלו, v. supra; a. fr. 3) to be extended, to be consolidated into one township. Y.Erub.V, 22b bot. יכול אני … בית מעון מתעברתוכ׳ I can cause Beth Ma‘on and Tiberias to be considered one township (as regards Sabbath distances). 4) to be added to, to be proclaimed a full month (of thirty days), a leap-year (of thirteen months). Y.R. Hash. III, beg. 58c ניסן לא נ׳ מימיו Nisan was never made a full month (by decree of the court); Y.Shebi.X, beg.39b; a. e.Snh.12a ראויה … שתִּתְעַבֵּר that year ought to have been a leap-year. B. Mets. נִתְעַבְּרָה השנה נתע׳ לשוכר if the year was made a leap-year, the tenant (that rented by the year) reaps the benefit of the intercalation. R. Hash. 19b; a. fr. Nif. נֶעֱבַר (with עֲבֵרָה) to be committed. Tosef.B. Kam. X, 3 בהמה ונֶעֶבְרָה בה עבירה if one stole a beast, and some sinful act was committed on it (by which it became forbidden for any benefit); (B. Kam.IX, 2, a. fr. נעבדה … עבירה).

פְּרַחI ch. sam( Hif. הִפְרִיחַ to bloom, blossom), 1) to bloom. Targ. Y. Gen. 30:37 דפָרַח לבן, prob. name of a tree; h. text לבנה; cmp. פֶּרַח. 2) to move swiftly, fly, swim, run. Targ. O. Gen. 1:21. Targ. Y. Deut. 14:9 (ed. Amst. למַפְ׳, Af.). Ib. 19; a. fr.Yalk. Deut. 938, a. e., v. זַחֲלָא. Keth.105b, v. גַּדְפָא. Gen. R. s. 22 דין אמר חלוץ ודין אמר פרח the one (Abel) said, take thy dress off (the wool is mine), and the other (Cain) said, fly in the air (the earth is mine). Koh. R. to I, 8 והיה פ׳ ואינון פָּרְחִין בתריה he ran, and they ran after him; a. fr. 3) to palpitate. Gitt.69b כל שכן דפ׳ ליביה his heart will palpitate still more. 4) to cause to flee, keep off. Pes.111b פִּירְחִי נפשיךוכ׳ keep thyself off the service-tree. Pa. פָּרַח to cause to fly, carry off. Ib. 110b top (in an incantation) פָּרְחֵיה זיקאוכ׳ Ms. M. a. Rashi (ed. פרח׳) let the wind carry off ; ib. a bot. פ׳ פרחייכי, v. פִּרְחָא. Af. אַפְרַח 1) to produce blossoms, to bloom. Targ. Gen. 40:10. Targ. Y. II Num. 17:23; a. e. 2) to fly, v. supra. 3) to cause to fly, carry; to chase off. Targ. O. Gen. 15:11 (ed. Berl. ואָתֵיב, v. Berl. Targ. O. II, p. 6). Targ. Num. 11:31 (not וְאֶפְ׳; h. text ויגז). Targ. Is. 28:28. Targ. Prov. 7:23 (h. text יפלח); a. fr.Midr. Sam. ch. XXIII (expl. ויעט), 1 Sam. 25:14) אַפְרְחִין במילין he chased them off with (harsh) words; Y.Snh.II, 20b top אפחין (corr. acc.). Shebu.30b אַפְרַח עלי ברוכ׳ let a duck fly over me; a. e.Y.Sot.III, beg.18c (read:) חמי היך אַפְרְחִית הדין דידך see how I make this thy argument fly off (I refute it).

פְּרַחI ch. sam( Hif. הִפְרִיחַ to bloom, blossom), 1) to bloom. Targ. Y. Gen. 30:37 דפָרַח לבן, prob. name of a tree; h. text לבנה; cmp. פֶּרַח. 2) to move swiftly, fly, swim, run. Targ. O. Gen. 1:21. Targ. Y. Deut. 14:9 (ed. Amst. למַפְ׳, Af.). Ib. 19; a. fr.Yalk. Deut. 938, a. e., v. זַחֲלָא. Keth.105b, v. גַּדְפָא. Gen. R. s. 22 דין אמר חלוץ ודין אמר פרח the one (Abel) said, take thy dress off (the wool is mine), and the other (Cain) said, fly in the air (the earth is mine). Koh. R. to I, 8 והיה פ׳ ואינון פָּרְחִין בתריה he ran, and they ran after him; a. fr. 3) to palpitate. Gitt.69b כל שכן דפ׳ ליביה his heart will palpitate still more. 4) to cause to flee, keep off. Pes.111b פִּירְחִי נפשיךוכ׳ keep thyself off the service-tree. Pa. פָּרַח to cause to fly, carry off. Ib. 110b top (in an incantation) פָּרְחֵיה זיקאוכ׳ Ms. M. a. Rashi (ed. פרח׳) let the wind carry off ; ib. a bot. פ׳ פרחייכי, v. פִּרְחָא. Af. אַפְרַח 1) to produce blossoms, to bloom. Targ. Gen. 40:10. Targ. Y. II Num. 17:23; a. e. 2) to fly, v. supra. 3) to cause to fly, carry; to chase off. Targ. O. Gen. 15:11 (ed. Berl. ואָתֵיב, v. Berl. Targ. O. II, p. 6). Targ. Num. 11:31 (not וְאֶפְ׳; h. text ויגז). Targ. Is. 28:28. Targ. Prov. 7:23 (h. text יפלח); a. fr.Midr. Sam. ch. XXIII (expl. ויעט), 1 Sam. 25:14) אַפְרְחִין במילין he chased them off with (harsh) words; Y.Snh.II, 20b top אפחין (corr. acc.). Shebu.30b אַפְרַח עלי ברוכ׳ let a duck fly over me; a. e.Y.Sot.III, beg.18c (read:) חמי היך אַפְרְחִית הדין דידך see how I make this thy argument fly off (I refute it).

נָזַל(b. h.; cmp. אזל) to run, melt, be distilled. Gen. R. s. 13 (ref. to Job 36:28) היכן הם נוֹזְלִין בשחקים where are they (the salty waters of the Ocean) distilled? In the clouds; Yalk. Gen. 20 (corr. acc.); Koh. R. to I, 7 איכן הם נעשים נוֹזְלִים בשחקים where are they made into distilled (sweet) waters? In the clouds; Yalk. Koh. 967.Esp. נוֹזְלִים, נוֹזְלִין running waters. Mekh. Bshall., Shir., s.6; a. e. Pi. נִזֵּל, Hif. הִזִּיל to cause to flow; to distill. Sifré Deut. 306 (ref. to Deut. 32:2) אם כנסת … לסוף שאתה מְנַזֵּל ומשקהוכ׳ if thou gatherest the words of the Law after the manner of those who collect rain water in the cistern, thou shalt finally be able to make them flow and give drink to others. B. Bath.25a (ref. to Deut. l. c.) זה רוח צפונית שמַזֶּלֶתוכ׳ that is the nothern wind which makes the gold run (increases commerce; Rashi: makes gold cheap, v. זוּל). Cant. R. to IV, 15 (ref. to ונזליםוכ׳, ib.) זה מַזִּיל מקצת דבר וזה מזילוכ׳ the one lets flow (utters, cmp. נָבַע) one part of the argument, and the other another part, until the halakhah shines forth like the Lebanon.

נָזַל(b. h.; cmp. אזל) to run, melt, be distilled. Gen. R. s. 13 (ref. to Job 36:28) היכן הם נוֹזְלִין בשחקים where are they (the salty waters of the Ocean) distilled? In the clouds; Yalk. Gen. 20 (corr. acc.); Koh. R. to I, 7 איכן הם נעשים נוֹזְלִים בשחקים where are they made into distilled (sweet) waters? In the clouds; Yalk. Koh. 967.Esp. נוֹזְלִים, נוֹזְלִין running waters. Mekh. Bshall., Shir., s.6; a. e. Pi. נִזֵּל, Hif. הִזִּיל to cause to flow; to distill. Sifré Deut. 306 (ref. to Deut. 32:2) אם כנסת … לסוף שאתה מְנַזֵּל ומשקהוכ׳ if thou gatherest the words of the Law after the manner of those who collect rain water in the cistern, thou shalt finally be able to make them flow and give drink to others. B. Bath.25a (ref. to Deut. l. c.) זה רוח צפונית שמַזֶּלֶתוכ׳ that is the nothern wind which makes the gold run (increases commerce; Rashi: makes gold cheap, v. זוּל). Cant. R. to IV, 15 (ref. to ונזליםוכ׳, ib.) זה מַזִּיל מקצת דבר וזה מזילוכ׳ the one lets flow (utters, cmp. נָבַע) one part of the argument, and the other another part, until the halakhah shines forth like the Lebanon.

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יָרַד(b. h.) to move about, run; esp. to go down; י׳ ל־ to enter; י׳ מ־ to leave. Tanḥ. Bḥuck. 5 (ref. to וירדתי, Jud. 11:37) וכי … יוֹרֵד על ההרים … עולים להרים does one go down on the mountains, do not men go up to ?; ib. הניחני ואֵרֵד אצלב״ד (ed. Bub. 7 ואלך) give me leave that I may go down to the court-house; Yalk. Jud. 67. Men.109b מה זה שלא י׳ לה כך when this one (Shimei) who was not permitted to enter into it (the office) became so jealous, היוֹרֵד להוכ׳ how much more so is he who once has entered it (and is to be ousted). Ib. כל האומר לי לֵירֵד ממנהוכ׳ whoever would ask me to resign it (the office), I would throw at him Taan.8b יָרְדוּ גשמים it rains. Ib.a אין גשמים יוֹרְדִיםוכ׳ the rain falls only for the sake of the men of faith. Cant. R. to I, 2b> מה מים יורדיןוכ׳ as the water (rain) comes down in drops.י׳ לנכסי to take possession of, seize, administer property. B. Mets.38b היוֹרֵד לנ׳ שבוים he who takes possession of the property of captives. Tosef.Keth.VIII, 2, sq.; a. fr.י׳ מנכסיו to be compelled to leave an estate, to become poor (cmp. דִּלְדִּל). Gen. R. s. 71; Lam. R. to III, 4; Ned.64b; a. fr.(קרבן) עוֹלֶה ויוֹרֵד a sacrifice of higher or lesser value according to pecuniary conditions (Lev. 5:6–11). Shebu.21a. Hor.II, 7 (9a); a. fr.(For other idiomatic uses, v. עָלָה.Part. pass. יָרוּד q. v. Hif. הוֹרִיד to let down, bring down; to lower. Taan.8a בשעה שהשמים … מִלְּהוֹרִידוכ׳ ed. (Ms. M., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) when the heavens are locked up so as not to let down rain. Lev. R. s. 1 ירד שה׳ את התורה Moses is surnamed Yered (1 Chr. 4:18) because he brought down the Law; שה׳ את חשכינהוכ׳ he caused the Divine Presence to come down Y.Ber.IV, 7d top לא הוֹרִידוּ אותו מגדולתו they did not remove him from his position. Sot.13b (ref. to Gen. 39:1) א״ת הוּרַד אלא הוֹרִיד שה׳וכ׳ read not ‘he was brought down, but ‘he did bring down, for he (Joseph) was the cause of the removal of the astronomers of Pharaoh from their positions.Y.B. Kam.IV, 4b top הוֹרִידָן מנכסיהן he drove them out of their estates (cmp. Bab. ib. 38a); a. v. fr.ה׳ לנכסי (v. supra) to appoint as administrator. B. Mets.38b מוֹרִידִין קרוב לנ׳ שבוי we may appoint a relative (presumptive heir) an administrator of the estate of a captive; a. fr. לא מעלה ולא מוריד neither raises nor lowers, i. e. has no effect or influence. Ḥull.45b. Gitt.52a, a. e. דברי חלומות לא מעלין ולא מוֹרִידִין dreams must not be regarded. Men.V, 6, a. e. מעלה ומוריד moves upward and downward.Tosef.Par.IX (VIII), 6 שהוא מוריד, v. מוֹרִיר.מעלין … ולא מורידין, v. עָלָה.

יָרַד(b. h.) to move about, run; esp. to go down; י׳ ל־ to enter; י׳ מ־ to leave. Tanḥ. Bḥuck. 5 (ref. to וירדתי, Jud. 11:37) וכי … יוֹרֵד על ההרים … עולים להרים does one go down on the mountains, do not men go up to ?; ib. הניחני ואֵרֵד אצלב״ד (ed. Bub. 7 ואלך) give me leave that I may go down to the court-house; Yalk. Jud. 67. Men.109b מה זה שלא י׳ לה כך when this one (Shimei) who was not permitted to enter into it (the office) became so jealous, היוֹרֵד להוכ׳ how much more so is he who once has entered it (and is to be ousted). Ib. כל האומר לי לֵירֵד ממנהוכ׳ whoever would ask me to resign it (the office), I would throw at him Taan.8b יָרְדוּ גשמים it rains. Ib.a אין גשמים יוֹרְדִיםוכ׳ the rain falls only for the sake of the men of faith. Cant. R. to I, 2b> מה מים יורדיןוכ׳ as the water (rain) comes down in drops.י׳ לנכסי to take possession of, seize, administer property. B. Mets.38b היוֹרֵד לנ׳ שבוים he who takes possession of the property of captives. Tosef.Keth.VIII, 2, sq.; a. fr.י׳ מנכסיו to be compelled to leave an estate, to become poor (cmp. דִּלְדִּל). Gen. R. s. 71; Lam. R. to III, 4; Ned.64b; a. fr.(קרבן) עוֹלֶה ויוֹרֵד a sacrifice of higher or lesser value according to pecuniary conditions (Lev. 5:6–11). Shebu.21a. Hor.II, 7 (9a); a. fr.(For other idiomatic uses, v. עָלָה.Part. pass. יָרוּד q. v. Hif. הוֹרִיד to let down, bring down; to lower. Taan.8a בשעה שהשמים … מִלְּהוֹרִידוכ׳ ed. (Ms. M., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) when the heavens are locked up so as not to let down rain. Lev. R. s. 1 ירד שה׳ את התורה Moses is surnamed Yered (1 Chr. 4:18) because he brought down the Law; שה׳ את חשכינהוכ׳ he caused the Divine Presence to come down Y.Ber.IV, 7d top לא הוֹרִידוּ אותו מגדולתו they did not remove him from his position. Sot.13b (ref. to Gen. 39:1) א״ת הוּרַד אלא הוֹרִיד שה׳וכ׳ read not ‘he was brought down, but ‘he did bring down, for he (Joseph) was the cause of the removal of the astronomers of Pharaoh from their positions.Y.B. Kam.IV, 4b top הוֹרִידָן מנכסיהן he drove them out of their estates (cmp. Bab. ib. 38a); a. v. fr.ה׳ לנכסי (v. supra) to appoint as administrator. B. Mets.38b מוֹרִידִין קרוב לנ׳ שבוי we may appoint a relative (presumptive heir) an administrator of the estate of a captive; a. fr. לא מעלה ולא מוריד neither raises nor lowers, i. e. has no effect or influence. Ḥull.45b. Gitt.52a, a. e. דברי חלומות לא מעלין ולא מוֹרִידִין dreams must not be regarded. Men.V, 6, a. e. מעלה ומוריד moves upward and downward.Tosef.Par.IX (VIII), 6 שהוא מוריד, v. מוֹרִיר.מעלין … ולא מורידין, v. עָלָה.

כָּבַש(b. h.; cmp. כָּבַס) 1) to press, squeeze. Ohol. VIII, 5 כ׳ את האבןוכ׳ if one pressed a stone on (weighted) the sheet. Bets.23b שהיא כּוֹבֶשֶׂת because it (the wagon) presses (the ground) down. Sabb.XX, 5 לא כוֹבְשִׁין you must not screw down, v. מַכְבֵּש; a. fr.Part. pass. כָּביּש, f. כְּבוּשָׁה pressed, compressed; pressing. Ib. 135a; Tosef. ib. XV (XVI), 9; a. e. ערלה כ׳ היא the foreskin (which seems to be wanting) is pressed (to the membrum). Tosef.Ohol.IX, 4 כאילו אבנים כְּבוּשוֹתוכ׳ as if stones were placed tightly upon them. Ex. R. s. 15 ההר … כְּבוּשִׁין עלוכ׳ a mountain on each side pressing upon (preventing the run of) the springs; a. fr. 2) כ׳ פנים (בקרקע) to press the face into the ground, to hide ones self in fear or shame. Snh.19b כָּבְשוּ פניהם בקרקע they cast their looks down (were afraid to give an opinion). Y. ib. X, 27d (ref. to Is. 7:3) א״ת כובס אלא כּוֹבֵש שהיה כובש פניווכ׳ read not kobes, but kobesh, for he hid his face and fled before him; (Bab. ib. 104a דכבשינהו לאפי Chald.). 3) to press vegetables, meat ; to preserve, pickle. Toh. II, 1 האשה … כּוֹבֶשֶׁתוכ׳ if a woman was pressing vegetables in a pot. Ukts. II, 1 זתים שכְּבָשָׂןוכ׳ olives which one pressed with their leaves; a. fr.Part. pass. כָּביּש preserved substance, pickle. Ḥull97b, a. fr. כ׳ הרי הוא כמבושל preserved substances are in ritual law like cooked.Pl. כְּבוּשִׁין. Pes.II, 6. Y.Sabb.I, 3c bot. כְּבוּשֵׁיהֶן preserves made by gentiles; a. fr. 4) Trnsf. to store, hide. Ḥag.13a (ref. to Prov. 27:26) א״ת כבשים אלא כְּברּשִׁים Ms. M. (missing in ed.; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) read not Kbasim (sheep) but Kbushim (hidden things), v. כִּבְשָׁן; Yalk. Prov. 961.Sot.10b; Macc.23b (ref. to Gen. 38:25) יצאת … ממני יצאו כבושים a divine voice went forth and said, ‘from me went forth the secret things (I declare that Judah is the father of Tamars children; Ar.: ממני היו הדברים כ׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 6); Yalk. Gen. 145; Yalk. 1 Sam. 112. 5) to detain (cmp. עצר). Pesik. Bayom, p. 193b>; כָּבְשָׁה אותם מטרונאוכ׳ the matron detained them one day longer; כבשה אותן התורחוכ׳ the Law detained them one day longer (before the Lord); ib. 195a>, sq.; Pesik. R. suppl., s. 4. Gen. R. s. 8, end האיש כּיֹבֵשוכ׳ the man detains his wife from going out; a. e. 6) to suppress, restrain, conquer. Snh.XI, 5 (89a) הכּוֹבֵש את נבואתו (a prophet) who suppresses his prophecy (being afraid to proclaim it). Ab. IV, 1 הכיבש את יצרו who conquers his passion. Lam. R. to V, 1 כובש את הגדול (not כביש), v. זַרְזִיר I. Y.Succ.V, 55b top עד שאתה מְכַבֵּש … בוא וכְבוֹשוכ׳ instead of conquering the barbarians, come and subdue the Jews; Lam. R. to I, 16; ib. to IV, 19. Ex. R. s. 25 הוא כוֹבְשוֹוכ׳ he suppresses (withholds the evidence) and does not produce it.כ׳ עון to suppress guilt, to forgive, cause forgiveness. Pesik. Eth Korb, p. 61b>; Pesik. R. s. 16, v. כֶּבֶש; a. fr.7) to violate. Esth. R. to VII, 7 (read:) הרי הוא כּוֹבְשֵׁנִיוכ׳ behold, he is attacking me in thy presence.8) to pave, grade a road.Part. pass. כָּבוּש, f. כְּבוּשָׁה. Tanḥ. Ḥuck. 20 דרך כ׳ graded road; ib. ed. Bub. 47; Yalk. Num. 764. (Pirké dR. El. ch. 52 כובשים במזלות, read with Yalk. Josh. 22: חושבים; Yalk. Gen. 77 רוגשים. Pi. כִּיבֵּש 1) to press, squeeze.Part. pass. מְכוּבָּש, pl. מְכוּבָּשִׁים. Tosef.Mikv.VI (VII), 17 לכלוכי צואה … המ׳ (ed. Zuck. והמכושים, corr. acc.) secretory substances … which are compressed, i. e. dried up by being sat upon. 2) (cmp. סָלַל II) to press down, make even, grade. Bets.IV, 5 מְכַבְּשִׁין you may press the ashes down (make a graded surface for baking); a. e.Trnsf. to level, make plain. Cant. R. to I, 2 (play on כבשים, Prov. 28:26, v. כֶּבֶש) כְּבָשִׁים … תהי׳ מְכַבֵּש לפניהםוכ׳ it may be read Kbashim ( grades), as long as thy pupils are young, make the words of the Law plain before them; when they are older reveal to them the secrets (reasons) of the Law; Yalk. ib. 985 הֱיֵה כוֹבֵש לפניהם (another expl., v. infra).כ׳ את הריחיים ( to carve steps for the grain, to put the millstones in working order. M. Kat. I, 9; expl. ib. 10a to sharpen the millstones (v. נָקַר I), (oth. opin.) to cut the hole out for the hopper. 3) (interch. with Kal) to conquer, defeat. Y.Peah VII, 20c top שבע שכִּיבְּשוּ seven years during which they were engaged in conquering the land; Ḥull.17a שכבשו. Sifré Deut. 51 לכַבֵּשח״ל עד שלא יְכַבְּשוּוכ׳ to conquer foreign land before they shall have conquered Palestine. Pes.5b נכרי שכִּיבַּשְׁתּוֹ a gentile who is in thy power. Yeb.65b (ref. to וכבשח, Gen. 1:28) איש דרכו לכַבֵּשוכ׳ it is man who conquers (the earth) but not woman; Kidd.35a; a. fr. 4) to suppress, withhold. Cant. R. l. c. תהי׳ מכבש לפניהםוכ׳ withhold from them, i. e. teach them merely the words of the Law without arguments; (another expl., v. supra). 5) (denom. of כֶּבֶש) to storm, climb over. Tosef.Sot.VI, 6 מכבש את הגנותוכ׳ climbing over the garden fences and violating the women; Gen. R. s. 53; Yalk. Gen. 94 מַכְבִּיש Hif. Nif. נִכְבַּש 1) to be pressed down, suppressed. Pesik. Eth. Korb. p. 61b> כל דבר שהוא נ׳ סופו לצוף whatever is pressed down, is liable to come to the surface again; Pesik. R. s. 16. 2) to be submissive. Midr. Till. to Ps. 30, end when scholars sit down ונִכְבָּשִׁין אלו לאלו and are submissive (respectful) to one another; (Sabb.63a ונוחין). 3) to have surreptitious intercourse. Sifra Emor, Par. 6, ch. V נ׳ עם; Yeb.VII, 5 to נ׳ על. Hif. הִכְכִּיש to climb, v. supra. Hithpa. הִתְכַּבֵּש, Nithpa. נִתְכַּבֵּש to be conquered, be taken. Y.Shebi.VI, 36c bot. כמי שנִתְכַּבְּשוּ they are to be treated as if they had been subdued (in the days of Joshua). Ib. שמא נִתְכַּבְּשָׁהמד״ת perhaps it was to be taken by the command of the Law; Y. Yeb.VII, 8a bot. (corr. acc.). Ex. R. s. 18 עכשיו … מִתְכַּבֶּשֶׁת בידו just now Jerusalem may be taken by him (Sennacherib). (Pesik. Zutr., Ekeb, ed. Bub. p. 30 מתכבשים, מתכבשות, v. כָּתַש.

כָּבַש(b. h.; cmp. כָּבַס) 1) to press, squeeze. Ohol. VIII, 5 כ׳ את האבןוכ׳ if one pressed a stone on (weighted) the sheet. Bets.23b שהיא כּוֹבֶשֶׂת because it (the wagon) presses (the ground) down. Sabb.XX, 5 לא כוֹבְשִׁין you must not screw down, v. מַכְבֵּש; a. fr.Part. pass. כָּביּש, f. כְּבוּשָׁה pressed, compressed; pressing. Ib. 135a; Tosef. ib. XV (XVI), 9; a. e. ערלה כ׳ היא the foreskin (which seems to be wanting) is pressed (to the membrum). Tosef.Ohol.IX, 4 כאילו אבנים כְּבוּשוֹתוכ׳ as if stones were placed tightly upon them. Ex. R. s. 15 ההר … כְּבוּשִׁין עלוכ׳ a mountain on each side pressing upon (preventing the run of) the springs; a. fr. 2) כ׳ פנים (בקרקע) to press the face into the ground, to hide ones self in fear or shame. Snh.19b כָּבְשוּ פניהם בקרקע they cast their looks down (were afraid to give an opinion). Y. ib. X, 27d (ref. to Is. 7:3) א״ת כובס אלא כּוֹבֵש שהיה כובש פניווכ׳ read not kobes, but kobesh, for he hid his face and fled before him; (Bab. ib. 104a דכבשינהו לאפי Chald.). 3) to press vegetables, meat ; to preserve, pickle. Toh. II, 1 האשה … כּוֹבֶשֶׁתוכ׳ if a woman was pressing vegetables in a pot. Ukts. II, 1 זתים שכְּבָשָׂןוכ׳ olives which one pressed with their leaves; a. fr.Part. pass. כָּביּש preserved substance, pickle. Ḥull97b, a. fr. כ׳ הרי הוא כמבושל preserved substances are in ritual law like cooked.Pl. כְּבוּשִׁין. Pes.II, 6. Y.Sabb.I, 3c bot. כְּבוּשֵׁיהֶן preserves made by gentiles; a. fr. 4) Trnsf. to store, hide. Ḥag.13a (ref. to Prov. 27:26) א״ת כבשים אלא כְּברּשִׁים Ms. M. (missing in ed.; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) read not Kbasim (sheep) but Kbushim (hidden things), v. כִּבְשָׁן; Yalk. Prov. 961.Sot.10b; Macc.23b (ref. to Gen. 38:25) יצאת … ממני יצאו כבושים a divine voice went forth and said, ‘from me went forth the secret things (I declare that Judah is the father of Tamars children; Ar.: ממני היו הדברים כ׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 6); Yalk. Gen. 145; Yalk. 1 Sam. 112. 5) to detain (cmp. עצר). Pesik. Bayom, p. 193b>; כָּבְשָׁה אותם מטרונאוכ׳ the matron detained them one day longer; כבשה אותן התורחוכ׳ the Law detained them one day longer (before the Lord); ib. 195a>, sq.; Pesik. R. suppl., s. 4. Gen. R. s. 8, end האיש כּיֹבֵשוכ׳ the man detains his wife from going out; a. e. 6) to suppress, restrain, conquer. Snh.XI, 5 (89a) הכּוֹבֵש את נבואתו (a prophet) who suppresses his prophecy (being afraid to proclaim it). Ab. IV, 1 הכיבש את יצרו who conquers his passion. Lam. R. to V, 1 כובש את הגדול (not כביש), v. זַרְזִיר I. Y.Succ.V, 55b top עד שאתה מְכַבֵּש … בוא וכְבוֹשוכ׳ instead of conquering the barbarians, come and subdue the Jews; Lam. R. to I, 16; ib. to IV, 19. Ex. R. s. 25 הוא כוֹבְשוֹוכ׳ he suppresses (withholds the evidence) and does not produce it.כ׳ עון to suppress guilt, to forgive, cause forgiveness. Pesik. Eth Korb, p. 61b>; Pesik. R. s. 16, v. כֶּבֶש; a. fr.7) to violate. Esth. R. to VII, 7 (read:) הרי הוא כּוֹבְשֵׁנִיוכ׳ behold, he is attacking me in thy presence.8) to pave, grade a road.Part. pass. כָּבוּש, f. כְּבוּשָׁה. Tanḥ. Ḥuck. 20 דרך כ׳ graded road; ib. ed. Bub. 47; Yalk. Num. 764. (Pirké dR. El. ch. 52 כובשים במזלות, read with Yalk. Josh. 22: חושבים; Yalk. Gen. 77 רוגשים. Pi. כִּיבֵּש 1) to press, squeeze.Part. pass. מְכוּבָּש, pl. מְכוּבָּשִׁים. Tosef.Mikv.VI (VII), 17 לכלוכי צואה … המ׳ (ed. Zuck. והמכושים, corr. acc.) secretory substances … which are compressed, i. e. dried up by being sat upon. 2) (cmp. סָלַל II) to press down, make even, grade. Bets.IV, 5 מְכַבְּשִׁין you may press the ashes down (make a graded surface for baking); a. e.Trnsf. to level, make plain. Cant. R. to I, 2 (play on כבשים, Prov. 28:26, v. כֶּבֶש) כְּבָשִׁים … תהי׳ מְכַבֵּש לפניהםוכ׳ it may be read Kbashim ( grades), as long as thy pupils are young, make the words of the Law plain before them; when they are older reveal to them the secrets (reasons) of the Law; Yalk. ib. 985 הֱיֵה כוֹבֵש לפניהם (another expl., v. infra).כ׳ את הריחיים ( to carve steps for the grain, to put the millstones in working order. M. Kat. I, 9; expl. ib. 10a to sharpen the millstones (v. נָקַר I), (oth. opin.) to cut the hole out for the hopper. 3) (interch. with Kal) to conquer, defeat. Y.Peah VII, 20c top שבע שכִּיבְּשוּ seven years during which they were engaged in conquering the land; Ḥull.17a שכבשו. Sifré Deut. 51 לכַבֵּשח״ל עד שלא יְכַבְּשוּוכ׳ to conquer foreign land before they shall have conquered Palestine. Pes.5b נכרי שכִּיבַּשְׁתּוֹ a gentile who is in thy power. Yeb.65b (ref. to וכבשח, Gen. 1:28) איש דרכו לכַבֵּשוכ׳ it is man who conquers (the earth) but not woman; Kidd.35a; a. fr. 4) to suppress, withhold. Cant. R. l. c. תהי׳ מכבש לפניהםוכ׳ withhold from them, i. e. teach them merely the words of the Law without arguments; (another expl., v. supra). 5) (denom. of כֶּבֶש) to storm, climb over. Tosef.Sot.VI, 6 מכבש את הגנותוכ׳ climbing over the garden fences and violating the women; Gen. R. s. 53; Yalk. Gen. 94 מַכְבִּיש Hif. Nif. נִכְבַּש 1) to be pressed down, suppressed. Pesik. Eth. Korb. p. 61b> כל דבר שהוא נ׳ סופו לצוף whatever is pressed down, is liable to come to the surface again; Pesik. R. s. 16. 2) to be submissive. Midr. Till. to Ps. 30, end when scholars sit down ונִכְבָּשִׁין אלו לאלו and are submissive (respectful) to one another; (Sabb.63a ונוחין). 3) to have surreptitious intercourse. Sifra Emor, Par. 6, ch. V נ׳ עם; Yeb.VII, 5 to נ׳ על. Hif. הִכְכִּיש to climb, v. supra. Hithpa. הִתְכַּבֵּש, Nithpa. נִתְכַּבֵּש to be conquered, be taken. Y.Shebi.VI, 36c bot. כמי שנִתְכַּבְּשוּ they are to be treated as if they had been subdued (in the days of Joshua). Ib. שמא נִתְכַּבְּשָׁהמד״ת perhaps it was to be taken by the command of the Law; Y. Yeb.VII, 8a bot. (corr. acc.). Ex. R. s. 18 עכשיו … מִתְכַּבֶּשֶׁת בידו just now Jerusalem may be taken by him (Sennacherib). (Pesik. Zutr., Ekeb, ed. Bub. p. 30 מתכבשים, מתכבשות, v. כָּתַש.

מָסַס(b. h.) to melt, dissolve. Nif. נָמַס, נָמֵס, נִימּוֹס, נִימַּס to melt, be liquefied; to fall away; to faint; to despair. Ex. R. s. 25 נִימּוֹסִּין (Var. נִימַּמִּין) they faint. Yalk. ib. 251 התחילו נְמַסִּין they began to lose heart; Mekh. Bshall., Shir., s.9 לֵהָמֵס. Deut. R. s. 1, end תִּימַּס עינווכ׳ may this mans (thy) eye run out. Maasr. I, 2 הרמונים משיִמַּסּוּ pomegranates are subject to tithes when their core becomes pulpy; expl. Y. ib. 48d bot. משיתמעך אוכלוכ׳ (cmp. מִסְמֵס II) when the eatable portion (core) can be mashed under ones fingers; (anoth. definition taking our w. in the sense of falling away, diminution; משיכניסו מחצה when the ripening core is reduced to half the capacity of the cavity,upon which the remark is made, דילמא … הֵמַסּוּ … פלגון לבבנו perhaps he learned it from the homiletical teachers who interpret hemassu (Deut. 1:28), they divided our hearts (an allusion to Num. R. s. 17)). Hif. הֵמֵס to cause to melt away. Deut. R. s. 2, beg. (ref. to Ps. 39:12) כל חמדה … הֵמַסְתָּ אותהוכ׳ (not אותו) all the delight which Moses longed for, to enter the land,thou hast caused it to decay as a moth enters garments and makes them decay. V. מָסָה.